Procedure text
PROCEDURE TEXT
Procedure text is a type of text that provides / tell / show instructions or directions on how to perform a specific task /steps in making something.
Generic Structure of Procedure Text (Struktur Teks Prosedur)
1. Goal
The "Goal" is a structural element of a procedure text that explains the aim or objective in certain process.
2. Materials
"Materials" is a structural element of a procedure text that lists the tools and ingredients required/ should we use /prepare.
3. Steps
The next structural element of a procedure text is "Steps," which contains the sequence of actions or instructions / process for making or doing something.
Language Features of Procedure Text (Kaidah Kebahasaan Teks Prosedur)
1. Simple Present Tense
Procedure text harus ditulis dengan menggunakan simple present tense. Dalam procedure text terdapat kalimat-kalimat perintah mengenai cara membuat atau melakukan sesuatu.
2. Imperative Sentences (Kalimat Perintah)
Imperative sentence selalu diawali oleh verb 1 dari action verb atau kata kerja yang melibatkan aktivitas fisik. Jadi, kita tidak perlu memakai subject di awal kalimatnya.
Contoh: Add 3 onions and mix it well. Kalimat ini diawali oleh verb 1, add. Tidak ada subjek di awal kalimatnya ya.
3. Connectives (Kata Penghubung)
Kata penghubung (connectives) digunakan dalam sebuah procedure text untuk menghubungkan langkah-langkah di dalamnya supaya daftar instruksi yang dibuat menjadi runtut dan mudah dipahami.
Contoh: Firstly, secondly, then, after that, dan finally.
4. Adverb (Kata Keterangan)
Adverbdigunakan untuk memberikan keterangan waktu. Ada 2 jenis kata keterangan atau adverbs yang digunakan dalam procedure text, yaitu:
· Adverb of time atau kata keterangan waktu yang menandakan berapa lama kita harus melakukan sesuatu. Contoh: in 10 minutes, for 1 hour.
· Adverb of manner atau keterangan cara bagaimana melakukan sesuatu. Contoh: slowly, well, evenly.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MAYOR
A. ANSWER THE QUESTION
1. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF PROCEDURE TEXT !
2. WHAT IS THE GOAL OR FUNCTION FROM PROCEDURE TEXT !
3. THERE SOME GENERIC STRUCTURE, MENTION ND EXPLAIN IT !
4. WRITE 2 SENTENCES BY USING CONNECTIVE !
5. GIVE THE EXPLANATION ABOUT ADVERB OF MANNER AND WRITE THE EXAMPLE OF SENTENCE !
Watch the process of welding on this video
https://youtu.be/qXuV3JAH3oY
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How to weld iron
Tools and Materials Required
· Welding machine : Stick (SMAW) or TIG welder
· Electrode : Nickel 55 or Nickel 99 welding rod
· Surface prep tools : Angle grinder, wire brush
· Heat source : Propane torch for preheating
· Hammer : Ball-peen hammer for peening
· Safety gear : Auto-darkening welding helmet, heat-resistant gloves, and fire-resistant clothing
Step-by-Step Procedure
1. Clean and Prepare the Surface
· Thoroughly remove all rust, paint, grease, and dirt from the weld zone. Used cast iron can be heavily impregnated with oil; use an oxidizing flame to heat the groove and burn off impurities.
· Grind or bevel the edges to be joined to create a 60° to 90° V-groove for deeper penetration.
· If repairing a crack, drill a small hole (3 – 5 mm) at both ends of the crack to stop it from spreading.
2. Preheat the Metal
· Cast iron is prone to thermal shock. Use a propane torch to slowly and evenly preheat the weld area to about 150°C - 200°C (use an infrared temperature gun to monitor).
3. Tack Weld and Weld in Short Segments
· Tack welds the pieces together to hold them in place.
· Never weld a long, continuous bead. Weld in short segments, typically about 2.5 cm at a time.
· Use a low amperage setting to minimize localized heat input and prevent distortion or cracking.
4. Peen the Weld
· Immediately after applying a short weld, and while the metal is still hot, strike the weld bead gently with a ball-peen hammer.
· Peening stretches the cooling metal and relieves the internal shrinkage stress, preventing cracks.
5. Cool Slowly
· Let the part cool down naturally. To avoid drafts and thermal shock, insulate the piece by burying it in dry sand or covering it with a thermal welding blanket. Never force-cool the metal using water or compressed air.
SOAL BAHASA INGGRIS
MATERI: PROCEDURE TEXT HOW TO WELD
Nama / no : _________________________ Kelas : _________________________
Hari/Tanggal : _________________________ Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
PART B: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (PILIHAN GANDA)
Choose the best answer by crossing (X) a, b, c, d, or e!
1. What is the structural element of a procedure text that explains the aim or objective?
a. Materials
b. Steps
c. Goal
d. Connectives
e. Adverbs
2. Which structural element lists the tools and ingredients required to make or do something?
a. Steps
b. Materials
c. Goal
d. Imperative
e. Introduction
3. The sequence of actions or instructions for making or doing something can be found in the ... section.
a. Goal
b. Materials
c. Connectives
d. Steps
e. Simple Present
4. What tense must be used when writing a procedure text?
a. Simple Past Tense
b. Present Continuous Tense
c. Simple Present Tense
d. Present Perfect Tense
e. Future Tense
5. What type of sentence is always used for commands or instructions in a procedure text?
a. Declarative sentence
b. Interrogative sentence
c. Exclamatory sentence
d. Imperative sentence
e. Passive sentence
6. An imperative sentence always starts with ...
a. Subject
b. Verb 1 of an action verb
c. Object
d. Adverb of time
e. Connective
7. 'Add 3 onions and mix it well.' Why does this sentence not have a subject?
a. Because it is an imperative sentence
b. Because it uses the simple present tense
c. Because it is the goal of the text
d. Because it uses connectives
e. Because onions are the subject
8. Which of the following words is an example of a connective?
a. Slowly
b. In 10 minutes
c. Mix
d. Firstly
e. Iron
9. What is the function of connectives in a procedure text?
a. To state the materials needed
b. To give details about the duration of an action
c. To connect the steps so the instructions are orderly and easy to understand
d. To describe how a physical activity is performed
e. To introduce the main goal to the reader
10. 'For 1 hour' and 'in 10 minutes' are examples of ...
a. Adverb of manner
b. Adverb of time
c. Connectives
d. Action verbs
e. Imperative phrases
11. Which of the following is an example of an adverb of manner?
a. Secondly
b. Ball-peen hammer
c. Evenly
d. Next
e. Propane torch
12. In the text 'How to weld iron', what tool should be used if you want to perform TIG or Stick welding?
a. Angle grinder
b. Wire brush
c. Propane torch
d. Welding machine
e. Ball-peen hammer
13. Why do we need to drill a small hole (3 – 5 mm) at both ends of a crack when preparing a cast iron surface?
a. To increase the localized heat input
b. To stop the crack from spreading
c. To burn off oil impurities
d. To hold the pieces together
e. To stretch the cooling metal
14. How long should each segment of weld bead be when welding cast iron to prevent cracking?
a. Continuous long bead
b. About 60 to 90 cm
c. Approximately 2.5 cm
d. Exactly 10 minutes long
e. Around 150 cm
15. How should a welded iron part be cooled down according to the text?
a. Force-cooled using cold water
b. Cool down naturally by burying it in dry sand or covering it with a thermal blanket
c. Force-cooled using high-pressure compressed air
d. Left out in the open wind or heavy drafts
e. Heated continuously with a propane torch while cooling
PART C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (SOAL ESSAY)
Answer the following questions clearly and accurately based on the text provided!
1. Explain the differences between 'Goal', 'Materials', and 'Steps' as structural elements of a procedure text!
2. Why is it mandatory to use the Simple Present Tense in writing a procedure text?
3. Rewrite the following sentence into a correct imperative sentence for a procedure text: 'You need to add three spoons of sugar into the warm water.'
4. What is the role of connectives in a procedure text? Provide at least three examples of connectives!
5. Differentiate between 'adverb of time' and 'adverb of manner' based on the text explanation, and give two examples for each!
6. In the procedure 'How to weld iron', what steps must be taken to remove heavy oil or grease impurities from used cast iron?
7. Why must cast iron be preheated to about 150°C - 200°C before welding, and what tool is used to monitor this temperature?
8. Describe what 'peening' is, when it should be done, and why it is a critical step in welding cast iron!
9. Why is it highly forbidden to force-cool the welded cast iron using water or compressed air?
10. Mention at least 4 safety gears required when welding iron as stated in the text!
PART D
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. WHAT IS THE CONCLUSION OF PROCEDURE TEXT ?
2.WRITE 10 VERBS IN PROCESS OF WELDING !
3. WHAT SHOULD YOU WEAR FOR SAFETY IN WELDING ?
4. WHAT IS YOUR TIPS ABOUT WELDING PROCESS AND WRITE THE RESULT OF FAILURE IN WELDING MAY BEHAPPENED?
5.WHAT IS YOUR SUGGESTION IF THE RESULT OF WELDING IS NOT PERFECT ?
MOTORCYCLE ENGGINEERING MAYOR
WWatch the process of welding on this video !
https://youtu.be/24mmP81lR08
PART A. ENGLISH LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT
Topic: Definition, Function, and Language Features of Procedure Text
Student Name : ___________________ | Class / Section : ___________________ |
Date : ___________________ | Score : ___________________ |
Instructions: Read the following questions carefully and choose the correct answer by circling or crossing (X) A, B, C, D, or E.
1. What is the primary social function of a procedure text?
A. To entertain the readers with a creative and amusing story.
B. To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps.
C. To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case.
D. To report a past event or experience in chronological order.
E. To criticize a masterpiece or an artwork for public evaluation.
2. Which of the following best defines a procedure text?
A. A text that explains the background information of an incident.
B. A text that discusses a controversial issue from multiple points of view.
C. A text designed to give instructions on how to make, operate, or do something.
D. A text that retells historical events using factual data.
E. A text that explores the fictional world of characters and conflict.
3. What are the standard generic structures of a typical procedure text?
A. Orientation, Complication, Resolution, Re-orientation.
B. Thesis, Arguments, Reiteration.
C. Newsworthy Event, Background Events, Sources.
D. Goal/Aim, Materials/Ingredients, Steps/Methods.
E. Identification, Description.
4. Which grammatical tense is dominantly used in a procedure text?
A. Simple Past Tense
B. Simple Present Tense
C. Present Perfect Tense
D. Past Future Tense
E. Present Continuous Tense
5. In a procedure text, words like 'first', 'second', 'then', 'next', and 'finally' are known as...
A. Action verbs
B. Temporal conjunctions / Connectives
C. Adverbs of manner
D. Abstract nouns
E. Modals
6. Why does a procedure text heavily use imperative sentences?
A. To ask questions about the ingredients.
B. To express a strong emotion or exclamation.
C. To state a definitive fact or definition.
D. To command, direct, or instruct the reader to perform an action.
E. To describe the physical appearance of a tool.
7. "Cut the onions into small pieces." Which word in the sentence serves as an action verb?
A. Cut
B. The
C. Onions
D. Into
E. Small
8. Which of the following is an example of an adverb of detail/manner or time in a procedure text?
A. Boil the water for 10 minutes.
B. I think this recipe is very simple.
C. The kitchen was very clean and neat.
D. He went to the supermarket yesterday.
E. She cooks delicious food every day.
9. Which sentence below is a correct example of an imperative sentence used in procedures?
A. You should try to stir the mixture if you can.
B. Do you want to add some salt?
C. Pour the warm water into the bowl slowly.
D. He is mixing the dough thoroughly.
E. The cake will be baked in thirty minutes.
10. If a procedure text titled "How to Operate an Electronic Blender" does not include an 'Ingredients' section, is it still considered a valid procedure text?
A. No, because every procedure text must have ingredients.
B. Yes, because recipes are the only true procedure texts.
C. No, because it lacks the generic structure required for any text.
D. Yes, because procedures for operating equipment or appliances only require a goal and steps.
PART B.ANSWER THE QUESTION
1. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF PROCEDURE TEXT !
2. WHAT IS THE GOAL OR FUNCTION FROM PROCEDURE TEXT !
3. THERE SOME GENERIC STRUCTURE, MENTION ND EXPLAIN IT !
4. WRITE 2 SENTENCES BY USING CONNECTIVE !
5. GIVE THE EXPLANATION ABOUT ADVERB OF MANNER AND WRITE THE EXAMPLE OF SENTENCE !
Nama / no : _________________________ Kelas : _________________________
Hari/Tanggal : _________________________ Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Changing motorcycle brake pads involves removing the caliper, pushing back the pistons, inserting the new pads, and pumping the brakes. Always handle one caliper at a time and work in a well-ventilated area.
Tools Needed
· New brake pads
· Metric socket set / Allen keys (for caliper bolts and pins)
· Flathead screwdriver
· Brake cleaner and a clean rag
· High-temperature brake grease (anti-seize)
· Torque wrench
· Disposable gloves
Step-by-Step Replacement Guide
1. Loosen the Pins and Bolts
Before unbolting the brake caliper, use an Allen key or socket to break loose the pad retaining pins and the caliper mounting bolts. Do not completely remove them yet, as it is much easier to loosen them while the caliper is still firmly mounted to the fork.
2. Remove the Caliper
Unbolt the caliper mounting bolts and carefully slide the caliper off the brake disc. Do not let the caliper hang freely by the brake line, as this can damage or kink the hose. Support the caliper by resting it on a stool or hanging it from the suspension using a piece of string.
3. Remove the Old Brake Pads
Remove the retaining pins, clips, or R-clips that hold the brake pads in place. Slide the old brake pads out of the caliper housing. Note the placement of any anti-squeal metal shims on the back of the pads so you can install the new ones the exact same way.
4. Clean the Caliper
Brake dust is highly corrosive and carcinogenic. Spray the inside of the caliper with brake cleaner and scrub it down with a soft brush. Carefully wipe down the caliper pistons (the round cylinders), making sure not to spray directly into the rubber piston seals.
5. Push the Pistons Back
New brake pads are significantly thicker than worn ones. Use a flathead screwdriver or a brake spreader tool to gently press the caliper pistons back into their bores to create enough room for the new pads.
Note: Keep an eye on your brake fluid reservoir (on the handlebar) while doing this. Pushing the pistons back forces fluid up, so the reservoir may overflow if it was previously topped up. Remove some fluid with a syringe if necessary
6. Install the New Brake Pads
Apply a very light, thin smear of high-temperature brake grease to the back of the new brake pads and the retaining pins to prevent squeaking. Be extremely careful not to get any grease on the friction material or the brake disc. Slide the new pads into the caliper and re-insert the retaining pins and clips.
7. Mount the Caliper and Pump the Brakes
Carefully slide the caliper back over the brake disc and thread in the mounting bolts. Tighten the caliper bolts and pad pins to the manufacturer's recommended torque specifications (refer to your specific owner's manual).
Before riding, repeatedly squeeze the brake lever (or press the pedal for the rear) to push the pistons out and seat the new pads against the disc
EXAMINATION & ASSESSMENT PAPER
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PART D: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (15 Questions)
1. What is the very first step recommended before completely unbolting the brake caliper from the fork?
A. Remove the old brake pads completely
B. Loosen the pad retaining pins and caliper mounting bolts slightly
C. Spray the caliper pistons directly with high-temperature grease
D. Empty the brake fluid reservoir on the handlebar
E. Push the pistons back into their bores using a flathead screwdriver
2. Why is it advised to handle only one brake caliper at a time during the replacement procedure?
A. To prevent the brake lines from getting tangled together
B. To avoid losing the special torque wrench required for the assembly
C. To use the remaining intact caliper as a clear visual reference if needed
D. Because the fluid reservoir can only supply pressure to one caliper at a time
E. To ensure that the brake fluid does not cool down too rapidly
3. According to the text, what dangerous health and material risks does brake dust present?
A. It is highly flammable and acidic
B. It is highly corrosive and carcinogenic
C. It is toxic to touch and radioactive
D. It is highly volatile and reactive to water
E. It causes instantaneous damage to metal alloy rims
4. What critical warning is given regarding how a removed brake caliper should be handled?
A. It must never be cleaned with anything other than soapy water
B. It must always be kept under direct sunlight during the process
C. It should not be allowed to hang freely by the brake line to avoid hose damage
D. It must be completely disassembled into individual cylinders instantly
E. It should be lubricated entirely with high-temperature grease on the outside
5. Which tool combination is specified for loosening or breaking loose the caliper bolts and pins?
A. Flathead screwdriver or brake spreader tool
B. Metric socket set or Allen keys
C. Pliers or adjustable crescent wrench
D. Impact wrench or pneumatic drill
E. Torque wrench or syringe tool
6. What precaution should be taken when cleaning the caliper pistons (round cylinders)?
A. Spray brake cleaner directly into the rubber piston seals
B. Make sure not to spray directly into the rubber piston seals
C. Apply anti-seize grease generously over the rubber seals
D. Remove the rubber seals completely before applying any liquid cleaner
E. Scrub the pistons using a hard wire steel brush
7. Why must the caliper pistons be pushed back into their bores before installing new pads?
A. To force old brake fluid out of the system entirely
B. Because new brake pads are significantly thicker than worn ones
C. To check if the piston seals have any hidden leaks
D. Because the old pads will not slide out unless the pistons are retracted
E. To allow the anti-squeal shims to melt into place properly
8. What can happen to the brake fluid reservoir on the handlebar when pushing the pistons back?
A. It may dry out completely due to sudden negative suction pressure
B. It may crack under high pneumatic air pressure changes
C. It may overflow if it was previously topped up with brake fluid
D. The fluid will immediately solidify and block the Master Cylinder
E. It will pull in toxic air bubbles through the relief cap
9. Where exactly should a very light, thin smear of high-temperature brake grease be applied?
A. On the friction material of the new brake pads
B. On the surface of the brake disc/rotor
C. On the back of the new brake pads and the retaining pins
D. Directly inside the rubber piston seals
E. Around the exterior reservoir housing on the handlebar
10. What is a critical error to avoid when applying brake grease (anti-seize)?
A. Applying it while wearing disposable gloves
B. Getting any grease on the friction material or the brake disc
C. Using an Allen key to spread the grease smoothly
D. Mixing it with brake cleaner fluid
E. Applying it to the retaining pins
11. What action must be taken regarding the anti-squeal metal shims found on the old brake pads?
A. Discard them completely as they are single-use components
B. Clean them thoroughly and replace them with plastic shims
C. Note their placement so you can install the new pads the exact same way
D. Melt them down to repair any scratches on the caliper housing
E. Weld them securely onto the caliper mounting bolts
12. Which tool must be used to tighten the caliper bolts and pad pins to recommended specifications?
A. A flathead screwdriver
B. A metric Allen key by hand feeling only
C. A torque wrench
D. An impact driver tool
E. A syringe tool
13. What mandatory step must be completed immediately AFTER mounting the caliper but BEFORE riding?
A. Empty the fluid reservoir using a specialized syringe
B. Repeatedly squeeze the brake lever or press the pedal
C. Spray the outside of the tire with high-temperature brake cleaner
D. Remove the retaining pins and R-clips permanently
E. Loosen the caliper mounting bolts by half a turn
14. What is the purpose of repeatedly squeezing the brake lever after installation?
A. To drain any excess grease out of the caliper housing
B. To push the pistons out and seat the new pads against the disc
C. To test if the caliper mounting bolts are loose
D. To scrape off the top glossy coating of the brake rotor
E. To force air back into the handlebar fluid reservoir
15. What type of work environment is specified throughout the replacement guide?
A. A completely airtight laboratory room
B. A well-ventilated area
C. An environment with high ambient moisture
D. Under direct sunlight in an open dusty field
E. A cramped, dark basement space
PART E: ESSAY QUESTIONS (10 Questions)
1. List at least five specific tools or items needed to complete a motorcycle brake pad replacement safely.
2. Explain why it is easier to loosen the pad retaining pins and caliper mounting bolts before removing the caliper from the fork.
3. What are two acceptable methods mentioned to support a removed caliper so it does not hang by the brake line?
4. Why should a mechanic be extremely careful not to get any high-temperature brake grease on the friction material or the brake disc?
5. What structural change happens to brake pads as they wear out over time, and how does this affect the installation of new pads?
6. Describe what happens to the brake fluid reservoir on the handlebar when you push the caliper pistons back into their bores.
7. What tool or method can be used if the brake fluid reservoir threatens to overflow during the piston retraction?
8. Why is it vital to avoid spraying brake cleaner directly into the rubber piston seals inside the caliper?
9. What specific information should a technician look up in the manufacturer's owner's manual before completing the final tightening?
10. Why is the act of pumping the brake lever/pedal repeatedly considered a critical pre-ride safety step?
PART F.
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. WHAT IS THE CONCLUSION OF PROCEDURE TEXT ?
2.WRITE 10 VERBS IN PROCESS OF CHANGING BRAKE PADS!
3. WHAT SHOULD YOU WEAR FOR SAFETY IN WELDING ?
4. WHAT IS YOUR TIPS ABOUT WELDING PROCESS AND WRITE THE RESULT OF FAILURE IN WELDING MAY BEHAPPENED?
5.WHAT IS YOUR SUGGESTION IF THE RESULT OF WELDING IS NOT PERFECT ?
